Thursday, 29 November 2018

How A Failed Acquisition Deal With Yahoo Made Media.net Founder Divyank Turakhia A Billionaire

Media.net founder Divyank Turakhia shared his entrepreneurial journey at Inc42’s The Ecosystem Summit
He is thankful to former Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer that Media.net’s deal with Yahoo didn’t materialise
“Keep figuring out how to replace yourself because your time is most valuable,” said Turakhia
This article is supported by Drivezy, Times Internet, AWS and Kerala Startup Mission
In December 2013, Mumbai-born serial entrepreneur Divyank Turakhia would have sold his adtech company Media.net for $180 Mn to Yahoo (now known as Altaba Inc), if it weren’t for a temporary “optics” issue. Well, good for him the deal fell through.
It made him richer by over $700 Mn! In three years time, Turakhia grew the company to a valuation of $900 Mn and, in 2016, he sold it to a Chinese consortium led by Beijing Miteno Communication Technology chairman Zhiyong Zhang.
Turakhia disclosed this during a fireside chat with Inc42 CEO Vaibhav Vardhan at The Ecosystem Summit (TES), organised by Inc42 on November 16 in New Delhi. Turakhia flew down to Delhi all the way from London just for a day to attend TES.
Turakhia (36) is an entrepreneur with a history of running many internet businesses — such as domain registry and website hosting companies LogicBoxes, Webhosting.info, ResellerClub, and BigRock — since he was just a teenager, along with his brother, Bhavin Turakhia.
In the fireside chat, he shared his entrepreneurial journey with the audience along with his “awesome moments”.

Eureka Moment!

It seems one such “awesome moment” was Media.net’s deal with Yahoo falling through — it led him to greater glory at a later stage. Turakhia said he was thankful to the-then Yahoo CEO, Marissa Mayer, for the failed acquisition deal.
“That deal did not happen because of a temporary reason. There was an optics issue that existed,” Turakhia said, adding, “And our deal wasn’t the first one she (Mayer) was going to look at.”
Meanwhile, their commercial partnership dates back to 2012 when Scott Thompson was Yahoo’s CEO. The partnership allowed Media.net to use the Yahoo brand for the purposes of its contextual advertising programme in association with Microsoft’s search engine Bing. The programme correlates ads according to the content running on the website, helpful for content creators, bloggers, media, and entertainment companies.advertising business.
It had taken six months for Yahoo and Turakhia to come to negotiate the acquisition terms for Media.net at $180 Mn. At the time, Media.net was raking in about $78 Mn in revenue and $7 Mn profit, Turakhia said.
We later asked Turakhia over email what he meant by the “optics issue.” He explained that Yahoo was about to announce that its location strategy was Sunnyvale in California. Although Media.net had around 500 employees at several locations globally, it did not have employees in the Bay Area at that time.
According to Turakhia, Yahoo was going to consolidate its staff in Sunnyvale as far as possible and a big number of layoffs would be made across its other offices. “Adding more than 500 employees via an acquisition, and at the same time announcing layoffs by saying that it (Yahoo) was consolidating at its HQ in Sunnyvale, was the optics issue,” said Turakhia.
When Marissa came in from Google and joined Yahoo as CEO, and told her about the commercial deal, she said to Turakhia, “Why would we give our brand to anybody else?”
“Which was a fair question to ask at the time since our commercial relationship was small,” he said.
The result: the acquisition deal between Yahoo and Media.net never materialised.
“And, thank you for that, because that made me $700 Mn more when I sold it for $900 Mn,” Turakhia said.
Although Yahoo had a second chance of buying Media.net at $350 Mn, Turakhia claimed. “But, by then, they had paused most acquisition activity and Media.net had become too large a deal for what they were doing and then they went through their own sale process,” he added.
Yahoo got acquired by a communication technology company in June 2017.

Biggest Acquisition In Global Adtech History

The deal falling through gave Turakhia the time and opportunity to grow Media.net to revenues of $231 Mn by 2015. Later that year, Media.net received an inbound interest from another company. He ran global processes hiring bankers Merrill Lynch in the US and another boutique banker in China. By then Media.net was among the fast-growing adtech companies worldwide.
“When I ran the process, we met 40 to 50 different people. Of them, we got initial term sheets and eventually finalised seven term sheets. We had five of them in the $800-$900 Mn range and two in the $700-$750 Mn range. At the end, we went with someone whom we felt good for business and people in the long-term,” said Turakhia.
The offer he chose was made by a consortium led by Zhiyong Zhang, the chairman of Beijing Miteno Communication Technology. The 2016 deal, in which Media.net was acquired in an all-cash transactionvalued at about $900 Mn for, was touted as one of the largest deals in adtech history.
File photo (2016): Zhiyong Zhang (left) & Divyank Turakhia
“I have always felt that the highest number does not always make the most sense…as long as the numbers are close enough, you can leave some money on the table because you want the right deal,” said Turakhia on the Media.net acquisition.

Can India produce companies like Google, Microsoft, IBM, Facebook?

“Never say never to any country,” Turakhia replied, to the question above, asked by Vardhan during the fireside chat.
“I think what you are asking is if India can produce companies that have a market cap of over a $100 Bn? I think we have TCS, which obviously got started much earlier,” he says.
As Turakhia told the audience at TES, if India wants to build companies such as Google, Facebook, etc — both of which started in the US — Indian companies need to go global faster, as this is the only way to get to a market cap of $100 Bn.
“You can build from India but you’d have to market not just within the country but also figure out how to make money from other countries, which essentially TCS might have done and they are where they are,” explained Turakhia.
He also looked at the startup ecosystems in India and the US through the economic standpoint. “The big advantage the US has over us is that our per capita income versus their per capita income — the multiple is 20+X. They have a natural advantage in the local economy, which allows them enough ability to grow much larger before they move to foreign markets in order to get the growth. In India, the market is unfortunately not big enough yet,” he said. In 2017, the GDP per capita income of India and the US stood at $1.9K and $59.7K, respectively.

Turakhia’s Investment Views & Success Mantra

Turakhia and his brother, Bhavin Turkahia, own stakes in several startups including calling app Ringo, communications app Flock, digital tax saving solutions business Zeta, and Internet domain name registration company Radix.
Turakhia, however, isn’t fond of investing in early-stage startups. He instead invests in late-stage companies.
“I understand financial models, late-stage models, which are my core expertise. I think everybody should stick to what they do best and double down on what they do best. That is how they become successful,” he said.
On the Indian startup ecosystem, Turakhia said that the number of startups created over the past year “is questionable in terms of how it is calculated here versus how it is calculated elsewhere. That way, we might still be at the early stage.”
Turakhia said a better way to evaluate the Indian startup ecosystem would be to look at the numbers of unicorns India has created in the past 12-18 months and the time taken by each of them to achieve the billion-dollar mark.
Till August this year, India had created six new unicorns — food delivery startup Zomato and Swiggy, edtech platform Byju’s, ecommerce company Paytm Mall, fintech startup Policy Bazaar, and SaaS-bases startup Freshworks.
“Keep figuring out how to replace yourself because your time is most valuable in this process. Once you figure out what you’re passionate about and as long as you’re doing it, you’ll be successful in doing that one thing and you keep doubling down yourself learning more,” he said.
This is true. Entrepreneurs must keep their sights set on the goal, irrespective of the challenges that come along the way. As they say in Latin — ‘admaiora’ or ‘to higher things in pursuit of excellence.’

Flipkart Vs Amazon India: Who Won The Indian Ecommerce Battle In 2018?

Amazon India, has overtaken Flipkart with $7.5 Bn in GMV in FY18: Barclays report
Flipkart continues to be bigger than Amazon in terms of revenue ($3.8 Bn vs $3.2 Bn)
For the festive sale days, Flipkart accounted for more than half of the GMV of the entire ecommerce industry: Redseer
The year 2018 brought an amazing upturn to the Indian ecommerce sector. Flipkart is now a Walmart company, which means that the earlier debate on Amazon having an edge as it is a deep-pocketed player is now over.
Both companies have been extending their arms in similar directions such as digital payments, groceries, and private labels, among others. Whether it’s logistics, fulfilment centres, or technology, both Amazon and Flipkart have been expanding aggressively with a view to dominating the Indian ecommerce sector.
As the year approaches its end, analysts such as Barclays, Redseer, and Counterpoint Research, among others, are busy analysing the answer to the big question: Who won the Indian ecommerce battle 2018: Flipkart or Amazon?
Overall, this year’s ecommerce battle was a close one, with neither company emerging as a clear winner. While Amazon led in GMV at $7.5 Bn, Flipkart was not too far behind if the GMV of its fashion subsidiaries Myntra and Jabong are counted. Flipkart, meanwhile, notched up a higher revenue and led in smartphone sales.
Here is a detailed comparison across some key parameters:
Gross Merchandise Value
Global ecommerce company Amazon’s Indian unit, Amazon India, has overtaken Flipkart with $7.5 Bn in gross merchandise value (GMV) in the financial year ending March 31, 2018, according to a recent report by investment bank and financial services company Barclays entitled ‘Amazon Races To The Top Of India ECommerce.’
Flipkart, meanwhile, had a GMV of $6.2 Bn on a standalone basis (excluding its subsidiaries Myntra and Jabong). If these fashion units are included, Flipkart is neck-and-neck with Amazon India in terms of GMV.
Also, it’s worth noting that India contributes only 2% of Amazon’s global GMV. “Admittedly, in the current tape where investors are de-risking for other reasons, the 2% of GMV that comes from India isn’t going to move the needle on the narrative,” said Barclays.
Revenue
“Flipkart continues to be bigger than Amazon in terms of revenue ($3.8 Bn vs $3.2 Bn), although Amazon is catching up quickly and continues to grow much faster (82% vs 47%),” the report said. Its operating losses could be in the $1.5 Bn range for the year ending January 2020, it added.
The report also noted that Amazon is rapidly increasing its investments in its India unit (India represents 7% of Amazon’s international retail operational expenses in the calendar year 2018).
Festive Sales
For the festive sale days, a Redseer analysis shows that Flipkart accounted for more than half of the GMV of the entire ecommerce industry. Between Flipkart and Amazon, the sales GMV share was 62% and 38% respectively. Flipkart’s higher share was driven by its substantial sales figures in mobiles and fashion verticals.
Smartphone Sales
With India accounting for around 300 Mn smartphone users and 460 Mn internet users, the ecommerce platforms registered a massive 46% Y-o-Y growth in sales volumes and contributed to half of the overall sales in the country, according to Karn Chauhan, the research analyst at Counterpoint.
He said, “Flipkart stood out due to the most number of exclusives while Amazon benefitted some from the launch of OnePlus 6T.”

Our Two Cents On India’s Ecommerce Market

Flipkart and Amazon India have come a long way in the Indian ecommerce space, which is expected to grow from $18-20 Bn in 2017 to $40-45 Bn in 2020. Ecommerce users are expected to more than double in the country from 80-90 Mn in 2017 to 180-200 Mn in 2020.
This growth is said to be driven by factors such as rising internet penetration, diverse payment options, and growth in delivery infrastructure, among others. Going forward, with millennials being extremely well-informed and discerning consumers, the upcoming strategies of these companies will play a key role in ascertaining who dominates the market.
With the Flipkart cofounders out of the company’s mainstream operations, Walmart plans to play the Indian ecommerce market with its own rules, with the aid of showrunner Kalyan Krishnamurthy, the current Flipkart CEO. Amazon India, meanwhile, continues to invest heavily in the country despite on the loss front. This year, Paytm Mall emerged as a distant third competitor but is eyeing the top slot with its aggressive sales strategy. Paytm Mall is backed by Chinese behemoth Alibaba.
With so much happening in the sector, the Centre is keen to roll out the final guidelines for the draft ecommerce policy. If passed in its current form, the policy takes a tough stand on matters such as GST, TCS, FDI, and the massive discounts offered by ecommerce platforms, particularly during the festive months.
With a new year almost upon us, will Amazon India maintain its prime position or be ousted by the Flipkart-Walmart combination? Will Paytm Mall be successful in gaining a substantial share of the market. Or will we see the rise of new or existing players such as Snapdeal, which claimed profitability this year?
Whatever the case, in 2019, as in 2018, ecommerce’s fab duo — Amazon and Flipkart — are expected to continue their battle of one-upmanship in Indian ecommerce.

Tuesday, 27 November 2018

Amazon Eyes A Larger Alliance With Biyani’s Future Retail

The companies are reportedly discussing a wider agreement as they finalise the deal
With a call-and-put option, Amazon may call for Biyani’s stake in Future Retail over the long-term
Through the FPI route, Amazon has already picked up stakes in Shoppers Stop and Aditya Birla Retail's ‘More’
Not content with acquiring a 9.5% stake in Kishore Biyani’s Future Retail, Amazon is now said to be discussing a wider agreement with the Indian brick-and-mortar store operator.
According to a report, Amazon is drafting a call-and-put option in the deal that will allow the global ecommerce company to call for Biyani’s stake in Future Retail Limited (FRL) over the long term, possibly as much as 8-10 years, subject to a change in Indian laws around foreign investments.
Biyani with his family controls 46.51% stake in Future Retail.
The Amazon-Future Retail deal talk first began in January when Kishore Biyani met Amazon founder Jeff Bezos in his Seattle headquarters. The much-delayed deal for the initial stake is worth $342.86 Mn (INR 2,500 Cr) and is set to be finalised in December.
Future Retail owns and operates brands such as BigBazaar, EasyDay, and Niligiris. The company has acquired half a dozen supermarket store chains and put together a total retail space of 13.6 Mn sq ft, with a presence in 255 cities through over 1,030 stores.
Currently regulations allow overseas investment of up to 51% in multi-brand retail, but an Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) can acquire less than 10% in an Indian entity as a single firm while an Indian company can dilute up to 49% of its stake to multiple FPIs.
Amazon has already picked up stakes in Shoppers Stop and Aditya Birla Retail ‘More’ through the FPI route.
As the company gets a toehold in Future Retail, Amazon is betting that the current limits on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in food processing and single-brand retail will be relaxed over time.
The current market cap of FRL is $3.6 Bn (INR 26, 648.69 Cr). As part of the deal, Amazon is likely to give a significant ‘control’ premium of around 25-30% for their right to call upon the shares.
Amazon and Future Group are also exploring agreements across fashion and FMCG verticals as well as synergise Amazon Pay and Future Pay to leverage on the network effect.

Sachin Bansal To Explore Fintech, Agritech Investments Along With His College Friend

Sachin Bansal will establish a holding company through which he will run his new businesses and make investments
Bansal has roped in Ankit Agarwal, an investment banker, as his partner and founding employee
He has been in talks to invest in Ola, Ather Energy etc
After six months of exiting Flipkart with $1Bn returns, Sachin Bansal is venturing back into Indian startup ecosystem looking for opportunities in fintech and agritech.
A media report citing sources said that Sachin Bansal will establish a holding company through which he will run his new businesses and make investments along with his new partner Ankit Agarwal, who he has known from his IIT-Delhi days.
Sachin is expected to directly operate his new businesses as well as invest in the agritech and fintech segments. However, the launch date for this new venture is not yet set.
Ankit Agarwal is an investment banker and was last working as a director at Bank of America, where he worked on interest rate trading.
After the Walmart-Flipkart deal, Sachin Bansal has been in talks to invest in cab-hailing company Ola, electric bike maker Ather Energy, artificial intelligence-based healthcare venture Sigtuple, and online insurance company Acko.
The interest of Sachin Bansal in fintech and agritech attributes the high-potential of the sector which has continued to attract investments along with innovation.
To begin with, according to Inc42’s flagship Ecosystem Report, Fintech as a sector has received $6.3 Bn funding since 2008 across 815 deals. This continues to be the trend, as the Indian Tech Startup Funding H1 2018 report, states that fintech startups raised a combined funding of $631.29 Mn across 70 deals in H1 2018.
At the same time, in agritech, we have investors like Omnivore Partners, Future Venture Capital Company Ltd. (FVCCL), IDG Venture, Accel Partners, Aspada Investments, IvyCap Ventures, Unitus Seed Fund, Rabo Equity Advisors, SAIF Partners, Villgro Innovations Foundation, Qualcomm Ventures and IDFC, among others.
The sector has raised $36 Mn from 15 agritech startups in 2017. IBEF report suggests that the country’s Gross Value Added (GVA) from the sector is estimated to have grown at 3% in FY18.
Entrepreneurs playing their second innings include Ibibo co-founder Ashish Kashyap who launched his fintech venture INDWealth with focus on wealth management and ex-Freecharge co-founder Kunal Shah has a new fintech venture CRED, which enables credit card bill payments.
Also, we have InMobi founder Amit Gupta traversing ecosystem with his new Internet of Things-focused startup Yulu Bike, which provides dockless bicycles sharing for the first mile, last mile, and short distance commute. Yulu has made it to Inc42’s 42Next, a list of the 42 most innovative startups causing an impact in the Indian startup ecosystem.
Another entrepreneur who has made his second attempt at entrepreneurship fruitful is Taxi For-Sure cofounder Aprameya Radhakrishna who founded Vokal, a knowledge sharing platform in the P2P info-sharing space for Bharat.
After CRED, Yulu, Vokal and INDWealth creating buzz and raising funds, the Indian startup ecosystem has high hopes set with Sachin Bansal’s new venture.

Monday, 26 November 2018

Brands Lock Horns With Ecommerce Sites Over Deep Discounting

Discounts are considered to be a major driver behind high-volume sales and acquiring customer loyalty
Brands like Sony, Apple, LG, and Dyson have entered direct agreements with Flipkart, Amazon
Deep discounting reduces brand value, cannibalises offline sales, companies argue
With ecommerce companies holding sales throughout the festive season, many consumer brands are reportedly up in arms to prevent the sale of their products at steep discounts, which they say not only cannibalises their offline sales but also dilutes their brand value.
Electronics companies like Sony, Apple, LG, Eureka Forbes, and Dyson have already taken action against Flipkart and Amazon for offering deep discounts during the Navratri and Diwali sales in October and November.
Discounts are considered to be a major driver behind high-volume sales and acquiring customer loyalty. Due to this, the ecommerce players in India including Amazon India, Flipkart, and Paytm – all vying for the top spot in the ecommerce market – are now caught up in a competition to offer the same product at the cheapest price possible.
This however has not gone down too well with brands that sell high-end lifestyle products and consumer electronics, who argue that this reduces their perceived value to that of a budget brand. It also increases the chances of customers getting fake products.
To prevent this trend some brands are entering into direct selling agreements with online sellers. This year South Korea-based LG has extended its sales partnership with Amazon and Flipkart to include refrigerators and washing machines to TVs and smartphones.
Sony also has a formal agreement with the two online marketplaces for some of its key products like cameras and TVs. Sony India sales head Satish Padmanabhan told ET that this direct relationship “has facilitated us in maintaining channel parity and foster good growth.”
Meanwhile, Apple has reportedly entered into a direct business agreement with Amazon to allow only authorised sellers to sell Apple products on its website. Industry executives said this step will prevent steep discounts on Apple products in India and prevent fakes from being sold.
However some companies have taken a step further to ensure that their products are not subject to such discounts.
Premium appliances brand, Dyson, has said it will honour its India warranty only when products are purchased are from official authorize sellers. Eureka Forbes, known for its water purifiers, has reportedly taken legal action against 200 vendors for selling its products at deep discounts on ecommerce websites, warning them against making such unauthorised offers because the company has designated online sellers.

The Economics Of Discounting

During Amazon’s Great Indian Sale and Flipkart’s Big Billion Sale held in May and June, discounts of as much as 70% on fashion and lifestyle products, 30-40% on home appliances, and 50% on consumer electronics including mobile phones were common.
The burden of discounting products is borne largely through foreign funding — a point raised by traditional retailers in 2015 when the Retailers Association of India (RAI) and the All India Footwear Manufacturers and Retailers Association (AIFMRA), had approached the Delhi High Court arguing that ecommerce companies had undue advantage as they were allowed to access foreign direct investment (FDI), through which they could provide deep discounts that traditional retailers would not be able to match and compete.
However Amazon India maintains that they do not dictate prices to their sellers and that these discounts are possible due to their streamlined logistics.
An Amazon spokesperson told Inc42  that “ Prices for products on the Amazon.in marketplace are determined by the sellers. We work hard and continually innovate to offer services such as FBA (Fulfilment by Amazon),Easy Ship and Seller flex to sellers on our platform, that enables them to significantly lower their cost of selling and reducing defects as they sell to a nationwide customer base. Sellers pass on these savings as lower prices on the platform.” Flipkart and Paytm did not respond till the time of publication.
In July this year, a government think tank headed by commerce and industry minister Suresh Prabhu prepared a draft ecommerce policy that seeks to regulate predatory pricing online. To address anti-competitive issues, the draft reportedly contains “A sunset clause, which defines the maximum duration of differential pricing strategies (such as deep discounts) that are implemented by ecommerce platforms to attract consumers, would be introduced.”
As an official decree on the issue may take a while, companies like Eureka Forbes are working hard to weed out their products from festive season sales and shutting down online sellers who offer steep price reductions on goods listed on their platforms. However, this hasn’t stopped discounted products from being available on marketplaces till now.

With 81.3% Equity Stake In Flipkart, Walmart May Bring New Investors On Board

Walmart acquired 77% stake in Flipkart for $16 Bn in May 2018
Other major stakeholders in Flipkart now are Tencent, Tiger Global, Binny Bansal
Flipkart is also in talks to sell its equity stake to investors such as Google, Microsoft and Intel
The US-based global retail giant Walmart has reportedly increased its share in recently acquired Indian ecommerce subsidiary Flipkart to 81.3%. Earlier in May this year, Walmart acquired 77% stake in Flipkart for $16 Bn, making it one of the biggest exits in the Indian ecommerce segment so far.
According to data revealed by Paper.vc, the other stakeholders in Flipkart now are: Tencent (5.37%), Tiger Global (4.77%), Binny Bansal (4.2%), Microsoft (1.53%), Accel (1.38%), Iconiq Capital (0.98%), Temasek (0.29%) and UBS (0.19%).
If compared with the equity stake these investors had in Flipkart earlier, we will find that all these investors have sold their stakes to Walmart either partly or in full.
As Inc42 reported earlier, at the time of the 77% stake sale,  stakeholders who sold their stake to Walmart were Tiger Global (16.99%), SoftBank (22.3%), Naspers (13.76%), Ebay (6.55%), Accel Partners (2.88%), Sachin Bansal (5.96%), Binny Bansal (1.63%), and others (6.93%).
Now that Walmart has the majority stake in Flipkart, it aims to bring in new investors to the board. Also, Flipkart is reportedly said to be in talks to raise more capital by selling its equity stake to investors such as Google, Microsoft and Intel.
However, analysts believe that since Walmart has now acquired over 80% stake in the company, not many existing investors will be inclined to let go of their stake in the near term.
For now, both Flipkart cofounders — Binny Bansal and Sachin Bansal (not related)– have exited the company.  While Sachin exited in May 2018 after the acquisition, Binny Bansal had to step down earlier this month (November) over allegations of “serious personal misconduct”.
However, since Binny still holds a 4.2% equity stake in Flipkart, he is being termed as the sole founder of the company in the filings with the registrar. He can hold the position of a director on the company’s board as long as he holds at least 3,532,977 ordinary shares in the company.
If the shareholding falls below the minimum threshold limit, then Walmart will have the right to replace him with an independent director.
Currently, the Indian ecommerce poster boy Flipkart is led by Kalyan Krishnamurthy, who was once appointed by Tiger Global management in January 2017 to save the company from sinking. Now he is Flipkart CEO, while Walmart has placed on board four of its own executives on key positions.
According to several media reports, it is further bringing more senior executives from Walmart Canada. This includes Emily McNeal who is the current Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) Head at the Walmart and will be joining Flipkart as senior vice president and group chief financial officer. Other senior executives like Walmart’s chief ethics & compliance officer Daniel De La Garza will join as vice president and chief ethics & compliance officer at Flipkart.
Further, Grant Coad who has been handling regulatory compliance at the Walmart Canada will join as general counsel and Dawn Ptak from Walmart China as vice president and group controller on the Flipkart team.
The Flipkart-Walmart acquisition deal will be remembered in the history of Indian startup ecosystem as one of the epic deals wherein foreign investors ended the decade-long journey of two Indian cofounders who laid the foundation of ecommerce in the country.
But, this deal has certainly left the existing first generation entrepreneurs to think and rethink if “a multi-billion dollar exit like this is worth after spending a decade in creating a market and setting up your venture from scratch?”

Saturday, 24 November 2018

Suspension Of Aadhaar-Based e-NACH Payments System May Hit Digital Lenders

Digital signature based payments solution stopped after Supreme Court's Aadhaar order
Move to push up cost of verification for small fintech companies
The e-NACH authentication system is estimated to save 95% of the bank's transaction cost
Digital lenders may see their expenses rise as the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) said that an Aadhaar-based digital payments solution, e-NACH, will be suspended, starting Monday (November 26).
This may reportedly have an impact on digital lenders, especially smaller fintech startups.
eMudhra, a digital identity and transaction management company, had launched its Aadhaar eSign-based National Automated Clearing House (NACH) gateway in 2017, for large and small enterprises to collect recurring payments from customers digitally.
Under eMudhra’s digital signature system, a customer can authenticate a payment process with a one-time password (OTP). However since the Supreme Court curbed the use of Aadhaar-based eKYC by private companies, this product may result in contempt of court if continued, ET reported.
“Digital lending industry seems to be moving in the reverse gear. First, it was the eKYC issue, then liquidity issue and now eNACH is getting blocked.  Time to re-imagine business models considering consumer demand for credit is strong,” PayU India managing director Jitendra Gupta tweeted, following the NPCI order.
The e-NACH authentication system is estimated to save banks about 95% of their transaction-related costs.
“I completely understand and appreciate the concerns of fintechs and banks, since any other alternative may not have the same scale and also raise the cost for mandate substantially. The ecosystem in consultation with the government and the UIDAI need to identify the appropriate solution, till then eSign on eNACH will be suspended,” NPCI CEO Dilip Asbe told ET.
He added that the agency had to take the stand to be compliant with the Supreme Court’s judgement, which disallows private companies from asking for Aaadhaar authentication for eKYC from users.

DIPP To Start Fresh Discussions On Ecommerce Policy

DIPP will first host formal inter-ministerial discussions on ecommerce policy
After the discussions, a draft for the public discussion covering more than 15 issues would be put out
DIPP will stay clear of the heated discussions on FDI issue
The department of industrial policy and promotion (DIPP) is expected to give a fresh start to formal inter-ministerial discussions on ecommerce policy.
DIPP will put out a draft for the public discussion covering more than 15 issues relevant to the sector after these discussions. However, it will stay clear of the heated discussions on FDI issue so that proposal can be firmed up on other issues, according to the media reports.
After the draft ecommerce policy was made public in August this year, the department of commerce had started consultations on the policy, but that had run into interministerial differences as many departments and ministries saw the consultations exceeding the commerce department’s brief.
In September this year, the government set up a group of secretaries to look into the issues related to draft ecommerce policy chaired by the secretary in the department of industrial policy and promotion (DIPP). Later, the government transferred the ecommerce policy to DIPP in October.
Inc42 analysed a few debatable pointers in the proposed ecommerce policy framework:
– It suggests the creation of a government-aided ecommerce platform to promote micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs)
– Ecommerce marketplaces will no longer be allowed to offer deep discounts through their in-house companies listed as sellers
– The draft Bill recommends a sunset clause on discounts to prevent platforms from directly or indirectly influencing the prices of goods and services
– It seeks to give more control and power to the founders of ecommerce businesses, rather than investors
– An online retailer/marketplace should not be allowed to influence the price or sale of products/services — a move that can completely restrict e-tailers from giving discounts
– Adopt a common ecommerce definition for domestic policy-making and international negotiations
– Granting preferential treatment and imposing customs duties on etransmission to digital items created in India.
The time could not be more right for India to finalise its ecommerce guidelines. The Flipkart-Walmart deal, which was finalised in May this year, created repulsions between the different stakeholders of the ecommerce ecosystem including sellers, seller governing bodies and even local and foreign players in the country.
With Flipkart getting acquired for $16 Bn and increased dominance of foreign players like Amazon plus the rise of locals like Snapdeal, Shopclues, Paytm Mall among others, have put the Indian ecommerce on the global charts, as a market touted to be worth $200 Bn.
Further, other South East Asian countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand among others are pacing up their ecommerce market development. Indonesia already released its ecommerce guidelines in November last year.

Friday, 23 November 2018

Binny Bansal Not To Pursue Complaint Against Woman Who Alleged Misconduct

The complaint was filed at Koramangala Police Station last week
Bansal has reserved his right to reopen the case if and when necessary
Bansal was dethroned from his position as Flipkart Group CEO
Flipkart founder Binny Bansal has reportedly decided not to pursue the complaint against the ex-Flipkart employee who had accused him of ‘serious personal misconduct’.
Earlier this month, Bansal was dethroned from his position as Flipkart Group CEO as parent company Walmart believed that these allegations were not mentioned to them in therun-up to the $16 Bn acquisition deal.
“Binny Bansal had filed a police complaint against the accuser for blackmailing and levelling false allegations against him. Following due process, the police informed him that when called to furnish her statement, the woman apologised for making these allegations to Walmart,” said a source to ET.
Binny has however reserved his right to reopen the case if and when necessary. The complaint was filed at Koramangala Police Station last week, soon after the cofounder resigned from his position at Flipkart Group.

What’s The Case?

According to reports, Binny and the Bengaluru-based woman, who was a former employee by then, reportedly began their relationship in 2016 and ended it a few months later. A few media sources suggest that the said woman also demanded certain payments from Bansal, to which he acceded.
It is not clear as to why Bansal did not approach the police on that occasion. Later in May 2018, after the acquisition, she again made a demand for a payment. When Bansal did not heed her demand, she reached out to Walmart CEO Doug McMillon alleging sexual assault in July.
Walmart being the majority shareholder in Flipkart Group (81.3%) started investigating the case as soon as it received the complaint. It also hired international law firm Gibson Dunn to conduct an independent inquiry into the matter.
While the investigation did not find evidence to corroborate the complainant’s assertions against Binny, it did reveal other lapses in judgement, particularly a lack of transparency,  on how Binny responded to the situation, according to a Walmart media statement on November 13.

Is Walmart’s Decision Justified?

By accepting Bansal’s resignation, Walmart showed that it has a zero-tolerance policy for such issues, but taking into account certain factors the decision may be termed as harsh.
  • First, the women was not an employee at Flipkart during the span of the relationship
  • Second, the women did not file an official complaint against Bansal and there was no court case or FIR filed on the matter
  • Third, during the investigation, Bansal received the clean chit
  • Fourth, after filing the police complaint, the woman employee apologised for reaching out to Walmart
Walmart, however, said that “Binny has been an important part of Flipkart since cofounding the company, but recent events risked becoming a distraction and Binny has made a decision to step down.”Overall, from a corporate governance perspective, Binny Bansal is facing the consequences of a personal relationship outside the organisation.

What’s Happening At Flipkart Now?

Kalyan Krishnamurthy has continued to be the CEO of the Flipkart, and Flipkart subsidiary Jabong has now been merged with Myntra. Smriti Singh has been hired as its Chief Human Resources Officer (CHRO), a position which was vacant for about 18 months. Walmart is also bringing four of its key executives to the team leading the Indian ecommerce unicorn.
Finally, the resignation could signal an end to the golden era of for Flipkart – the poster boy for Indian ecommerce – as it now becomes the subsidiary of US-based global retailer Walmart, led by American senior executives.

Brands Lock Horns With Ecommerce Sites Over Deep Discounting

Discounts are considered to be a major driver behind high-volume sales and acquiring customer loyalty
Brands like Sony, Apple, LG, and Dyson have entered direct agreements with Flipkart, Amazon
Deep discounting reduces brand value, cannibalises offline sales, companies argue
With ecommerce companies holding sales throughout the festive season, many consumer brands are reportedly up in arms to prevent the sale of their products at steep discounts, which they say not only cannibalises their offline sales but also dilutes their brand value.
Electronics companies like Sony, Apple, LG, Eureka Forbes, and Dyson have already taken action against Flipkart and Amazon for offering deep discounts during the Navratri and Diwali sales in October and November.
Discounts are considered to be a major driver behind high-volume sales and acquiring customer loyalty. Due to this, the ecommerce players in India including Amazon India, Flipkart, and Paytm – all vying for the top spot in the ecommerce market – are now caught up in a competition to offer the same product at the cheapest price possible.
This however has not gone down too well with brands that sell high-end lifestyle products and consumer electronics, who argue that this reduces their perceived value to that of a budget brand. It also increases the chances of customers getting fake products.
To prevent this trend some brands are entering into direct selling agreements with online sellers. This year South Korea-based LG has extended its sales partnership with Amazon and Flipkart to include refrigerators and washing machines to TVs and smartphones.
Sony also has a formal agreement with the two online marketplaces for some of its key products like cameras and TVs. Sony India sales head Satish Padmanabhan told ET that this direct relationship “has facilitated us in maintaining channel parity and foster good growth.”
Meanwhile, Apple has reportedly entered into a direct business agreement with Amazon to allow only authorised sellers to sell Apple products on its website. Industry executives said this step will prevent steep discounts on Apple products in India and prevent fakes from being sold.
However some companies have taken a step further to ensure that their products are not subject to such discounts. Premium appliances brand, Dyson, has said it will honour its India warranty only when products are purchased are from official authorize sellers. Eureka Forbes, known for its water purifiers Eureka Forbes has reportedly taken legal action against 200 vendors for selling its products at deep discounts on ecommerce websites, warning them against making such unauthorised offers because the company has designated online sellers.

The Economics Of Discounting

During Amazon’s Great Indian Sale and Flipkart’s Big Billion Sale held in May and June, discounts of as much as 70% on fashion and lifestyle products, 30-40% on home appliances, and 50% on consumer electronics including mobile phones were common.
The burden of discounting products is borne largely through foreign funding — a point raised by traditional retailers in 2015 when the Retailers Association of India (RAI) and the All India Footwear Manufacturers and Retailers Association (AIFMRA), had approached the Delhi High Court arguing that ecommerce companies had undue advantage as they were allowed to access foreign direct investment (FDI), through which they could provide deep discounts that traditional retailers would not be able to match and compete.
In July this year, a government think tank headed by commerce and industry minister Suresh Prabhu prepared a draft ecommerce policy that seeks to regulate predatory pricing online. To address anti-competitive issues, the draft reportedly contains “A sunset clause, which defines the maximum duration of differential pricing strategies (such as deep discounts) that are implemented by ecommerce platforms to attract consumers, would be introduced.”
As an official decree on the issue may take a while, companies like Eureka Forbes are working hard to weed out their products from festive season sales and shutting down online sellers who offer steep price reductions on goods listed on their platforms. However, this hasn’t stopped discounted products from being available on marketplaces till now.

Friday, 16 November 2018

Jabong Merges Into Myntra, Ananth Narayanan Will Continue To Lead

Myntra CEO will continue to lead
Myntra's independence as a business will be "preserved"
Jabong brand will also be retained
Putting rest to all speculations, Myntra has finally issued its statement in media. According to a company statement, Myntra and Jabong will now fully integrate all the remaining functions including technology, marketing, category, revenue, finance, and creative teams.
“Since Myntra’s purchase of Jabong in mid-2016, the two brands have been steadily integrating key business functions and streamlining processes. This has resulted in revenue growth and a significant improvement in the customer experience,” the company said.
It further added that the closer integration of Myntra and Jabong is a necessary step in the company’s continuing development. By better aligning its resources with the long-term plans, they can put the best structure in place to serve the sellers and brand partners and ultimately benefit the customers.
Myntra also cleared the clouds over the status of the CEO Ananth Narayanan. As per media statements, he will continue to lead the team. “Myntra’s independence as a business will be “preserved”. The Jabong brand will also be retained,” the statement added.
In a statement on Thursday (November 15), Krishnamurthy said he is committed to growing the Myntra business. “The Flipkart group is committed to the success of Myntra and growing the business, now more than ever… We want to empower the Myntra team to continue to operate independently to achieve even greater success.”
Earlier today, media reports quoted sources suggesting potential lay-offs in the Flipkart Group companies including Flipkart, Myntra and Jabong. Some media reports further reported that as the Flipkart founders move out from the company, at least 20 senior executives at Walmart-acquired Flipkart have reportedly floated their resumes to explore job opportunities.
Both Myntra and Jabong have been brought under the control of Flipkart CEO Kalyan Krishnamurthy following cofounder Binny Bansal’s exit as Group CEO earlier this week.